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Comparative Analysis of Pictorial Framing of #Endbadgoverernance Protests in Daily Trust and Punch Online Nigeria Newspapers

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Abstract

Studies on the textual framing of protests globally abound but a few focuses on pictorial framing of protest and based on this, the rational of the study was to do a comparative analysis of pictorial framing of the #EndBadGovernance protest that was held in some states of Nigeria from August 1 to August 10th tagged 10 Days of Rage. The aim of the study was to understand how pictures of the #EndBadGovernance protest were used by Daily Trust online newspaper and Punch online newspaper. The objectives were to assess the frequency, types, slants and emotions of the pictorials as depicted by the two online newspapers. The study was anchored on the Framing Theory and the methodology of the study was the mixed-methods (embedded) research design with the quantitative content analysis as the primary method of data collection with qualitative analysis of the photos. Based on the purposive sampling method, the inter-coder reliability was 62.4% where its produced a sample size of 66 (41 - Daily Trust and 25 - Punch) from an initial population of 110 pictorials from both online newspapers. The findings revealed that Daily Trust utilised a broader range of frames—including protest, clash, peaceful gathering. The other frames were solidarity, arrests, looting, injury, and prayers— offering a more holistic, multifaceted portrayal of the protests. Punch, however, focused primarily on solidarity, arrests, and prayers, omitting depictions of looting or injury. Both newspapers showed thematic framing, diagnostic and prognostic framing of the#EndBadGovernance protest. The recommendation was that Daily Trust online and Punch online, should adopt a more visually robust reporting strategy in social protest coverage to enhance narrative depth and audience engagement.

Keywords & Additional Information

Keywords

Pictorial Framing#EndBadGovernance ProtestFraming TheoryOnline JournalismMedia Representation

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Author Information

Dapar, Plangnan Jacob

@plangnanpankyes

Department of Mass Communication, University of Jos, Nigeria
Nigeria
Contributors

Leman Francis Sunday

Department of Mass Communication, University of Jos, Nigeria.

Jimme Garba Matyek

Department of Mass Communication, University of Jos, Nigeria.

Retdi Nathaniel Dabwol

Department of Mass Communication, University of Jos, Nigeria.

Anthony Garison

Department of Mass Communication, Taraba State University, Nigeria

Publication Details

Volume 1, Issue 1

Year 2025

Pages:114-126
Published:Sat Nov 15 2025
Last Updated:Thu Jan 08 2026
Comparative Analysis of Pictorial Framing of #Endbadgoverernance Protests in Daily Trust and Punch Online Nigeria Newspapers