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Communication in Crisis: Leadership Meaning-Making under Conditions of Uncertainty

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Abstract

The world is in crisis. As of March 2026, global energy markets are in turmoil following the Iran conflict, economies teeter on the edge of recession, and institutions across the world grapple with challenges that defy easy solutions. In such moments, communication ceases to be merely a technical function and becomes instead the primary mechanism through which leaders make sense of chaos and help others navigate it. This paper examines how leaders engage in meaning-making through communication when operating under conditions of profound uncertainty. Drawing on contemporary global crises—including the 2026 Iran conflict and its economic aftershocks, the COVID-19 pandemic's enduring lessons, and ongoing institutional disruptions—the study critically analyses the communication strategies leaders employ when the ground shifts beneath them. The paper argues that effective crisis communication is fundamentally an act of meaning-making: helping followers understand not just what is happening, but what it means, what they should feel, and what they should do. Through analysis of leadership communication across political, organisational, and community contexts, the study identifies key practices including the naming of uncertainty, the balancing of cognitive and emotional dimensions, the cultivation of trust through congruence, and the adaptation of communication to varying levels of uncertainty. The paper concludes with a framework for leadership meaning-making in crisis and recommendations for leaders at all levels who must communicate when certainty is nowhere to be found.

Keywords & Additional Information

Keywords

Crisis communicationleadershipmeaning-makinguncertaintysensemakingtrustglobal crisisorganisational communication

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Author Information

Agana Michael Ejeh

@ejehmichaelministries

Department of Broadcasting, Imo State University, Owerri
Nigeria
Publication Details

Volume 2, Issue 1

Year 2026

Pages:257-266
Published:Thu Apr 30 2026
Last Updated:Tue May 26 2026